SAO PAULO (AP) 鈥� Brazil started blocking Elon Musk鈥檚 social media platform X early Saturday, making it largely inaccessible on both the web and through mobile apps after the billionaire to the country.
The move escalates a between Musk and a Brazilian Supreme Court justice over free speech, far-right accounts and misinformation. Justice Alexandre de Moraes ordered the suspension on Friday.
To block X, Brazil鈥檚 telecommunications regulator, Anatel, told internet service providers to suspend users鈥� access to the social media platform. As of Saturday after midnight local time, major operators had begun doing so.
De Moraes had warned Musk on Wednesday night that X could be blocked in Brazil if he failed to comply with his order to name a representative, and established a 24-hour deadline. The company hasn鈥檛 had a representative in the country since earlier this month.
鈥淓lon Musk showed his total disrespect for Brazilian sovereignty and, in particular, for the judiciary, setting himself up as a true supranational entity and immune to the laws of each country,鈥� de Moraes wrote in his decision on Friday.
The justice said the platform will stay suspended until it complies with his orders, and also set a daily fine of 50,000 reais ($8,900) for people or companies using VPNs to access it.
In a later ruling, he backtracked on his initial decision to establish a 5-day deadline for internet service providers themselves 鈥� and not just the telecommunications regulator 鈥� to block access to X, as well as his directive for app stores to remove virtual private networks, or VPNs.
Brazil is one of the biggest markets for X, which has struggled with the since Musk purchased the former Twitter in 2022. Market research group Emarketer says some 40 million Brazilians, roughly one-fifth of the population, access X at least once per month.
鈥淭his is a sad day for X users around the world, especially those in Brazil, who are being denied access to our platform. I wish it did not have to come to this 鈥� it breaks my heart,鈥� X鈥檚 CEO Linda Yaccarino said Friday night, adding that Brazil is failing to uphold its constitution鈥檚 pledge to forbid censorship.
X had posted on its official Global Government Affairs page late Thursday that it expected X to be shut down by de Moraes, 鈥渟imply because we would not comply with his illegal orders to censor his political opponents.鈥�
鈥淲hen we attempted to defend ourselves in court, Judge de Moraes threatened our Brazilian legal representative with imprisonment. Even after she resigned, he froze all of her bank accounts,鈥� the company wrote.
X has clashed with de Moraes over its reluctance to comply with orders to block users.
Accounts that the platform previously has shut down on Brazilian orders include lawmakers affiliated with former President Jair Bolsonaro鈥檚 right-wing party and activists accused of undermining Brazilian democracy. X鈥檚 lawyers in April sent a document to the Supreme Court in April, saying that since 2019 it had suspended or blocked 226 users.
In his decision Friday, de Moraes' cited Musk's statements as evidence that X's conduct 鈥渃learly intends to continue to encourage posts with extremism, hate speech and anti-democratic discourse, and to try to withdraw them from jurisdictional control.鈥�
In April, in an ongoing investigation over the dissemination of fake news and opened a separate investigation into the executive for alleged obstruction.
Musk, a self-proclaimed 鈥渇ree speech absolutist," has repeatedly claimed the justice鈥檚 actions amount to censorship, and his argument has been echoed by Brazil鈥檚 political right. He has often insulted de Moraes on his platform, characterizing him as a dictator and tyrant.
De Moraes鈥� defenders have said his actions aimed at X have been lawful, supported by most of the court鈥檚 full bench and have served to protect democracy at a time it is imperiled. He wrote Friday that his ruling is based on Brazilian law requiring internet services companies to have representation in the country so they can be notified when there are relevant court decisions and take requisite action 鈥� specifying the takedown of illicit content posted by users, and an anticipated churn of misinformation during October municipal elections.
The looming shutdown is not unprecedented in Brazil.
Lone Brazilian judges shut down Meta鈥檚 WhatsApp, the nation鈥檚 most widely used messaging app, several times in 2015 and 2016 due to the company鈥檚 refusal to comply with police requests for user data. In 2022, de Moraes threatened the messaging app Telegram with a nationwide shutdown, arguing it had repeatedly ignored Brazilian authorities鈥� requests to block profiles and provide information. He ordered Telegram to appoint a local representative; the company ultimately complied and stayed online.
X and its former incarnation, Twitter, have been banned in several countries 鈥� mostly authoritarian regimes such as Russia, China, Iran, Myanmar, North Korea, Venezuela and Turkmenistan. Other countries, such as , Turkey and Egypt, have also temporarily suspended X before, usually to quell dissent and unrest. Twitter was banned in Egypt after the Arab Spring uprisings, which some dubbed the 鈥淭witter revolution,鈥� but it has since been restored.
A search Friday on X showed hundreds of Brazilian users inquiring about VPNs that could potentially enable them to continue using the platform by making it appear they were logging on from outside the country. It was not immediately clear how Brazilian authorities would police this practice and impose fines cited by de Moraes.
鈥淭his is an unusual measure, but its main objective is to ensure that the court order to suspend the platform's operation is, in fact, effective," Filipe Medon, a specialist in digital law and professor at the law school of Getulio Vargas Foundation, a university in Rio de Janeiro, told The Associated Press.
Mariana de Souza Alves Lima, known by her handle MariMoon, showed her 1.4 million followers on X where she intends to go, posting a screenshot of rival social network BlueSky.
On Thursday evening, Starlink, Musk鈥檚 satellite internet service provider, said on X that de Moraes this week froze its finances, preventing it from doing any transactions in the country where it has more than 250,000 customers.
鈥淭his order is based on an unfounded determination that Starlink should be responsible for the fines levied鈥攗nconstitutionally鈥攁gainst X. It was issued in secret and without affording Starlink any of the due process of law guaranteed by the Constitution of Brazil. We intend to address the matter legally,鈥� Starlink said in its statement. The law firm representing Starlink told the AP that the company appealed, but wouldn鈥檛 make further comment.
Musk replied to people sharing the reports of the freeze, adding insults directed at de Moraes. 鈥淭his guy @Alexandre is an outright criminal of the worst kind, masquerading as a judge,鈥� he wrote.
Musk later posted on X that SpaceX, which runs Starlink, will provide free internet service in Brazil 鈥渦ntil the matter is resolved鈥� since 鈥渨e cannot receive payment, but don鈥檛 want to cut anyone off.鈥�
In his decision, de Moraes said he ordered the freezing of Starlink鈥檚 assets, as X didn't have enough money in its accounts to cover mounting fines, and reasoning that the two companies are part of the same economic group.
While ordering X鈥檚 suspension followed warnings and fines and so was appropriate, taking action against Starlink seems 鈥渉ighly questionable,鈥� said Luca Belli, coordinator of the Getulio Vargas Foundation鈥檚 Technology and Society Center.
鈥淵es, of course, they have the same owner, Elon Musk, but it is discretionary to consider Starlink as part of the same economic group as Twitter (X). They have no connection, they have no integration,鈥� Belli said.
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Ortutay reported from San Francisco and Biller from Rio. AP writer Mauricio Savarese contributed from Sao Paulo.
Gabriela S谩 Pessoa, Barbara Ortutay And David Biller, The Associated Press
