BERLIN (AP) 鈥� A Ukrainian nuclear power plant that has been surrounded by Russian forces lost power Wednesday morning when a Russian missile damaged a distant electrical substation, increasing the risk of radiation disaster, according to the plant's operator.
The power to Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant was , the International Atomic Energy Agency said. But experts say the outage 鈥� the second one in five days 鈥� shows just how precarious the situation at Europe's largest nuclear plant is. They say repeated power outages over short periods of time are only making the problem worse.
Here's a look at the risks:
DISASTER DANGER
Fears of a nuclear catastrophe have been at the forefront since Russian troops Continued fighting between Russian and Ukrainian forces 鈥� as well as the tense supply situation at the plant 鈥� have raised the specter of a disaster.
Ukrainian authorities decided several weeks ago to to reduce the risk of a catastrophe like the one at Chernobyl in 1986, where a reactor exploded and blew deadly radiation across a large vast area.
But the reactor core and used nuclear fuel must still be cooled for lengthy periods to prevent them overheating and triggering dangerous meltdowns like the ones that occurred in 2011 when a tsunami hit the Fukushima plant in Japan.
IODINE SUPPLIES
Some European countries are trying to prepare for the worst and started stockpiling iodine tablets to help protect their populations from possible radioactive fallout.
In others, like Germany, authorities have calculated there is a low risk that radiation levels harmful to human health would reach their territory.
In the event of a disaster, the biggest risk outside Ukraine could be to Russia, 鈥渄epending on which way the wind blows,鈥� said Paul Dorfman, a nuclear expert at the University of Sussex in England.
鈥淭he main deposit is likely to be in Ukraine and or Russia, but there could be significant radiation pollution in Central Europe, which is why countries around Ukraine are now thinking very seriously about issuing stable potassium iodide tablets,鈥� he said.
LIMITED POWER SUPPLY
The Zaporizhzhia plant has been receiving external power to ensure the important task of cooling the reactor and spent nuclear fuel can continue, but the connections are at constant risk of disruption due to the conflict.
As power lines and substations have been damaged in fighting, Ukraine鈥檚 nuclear operator Energoatom has been forced to repeatedly rely on diesel generators. These generators, which have enough fuel for at least 10 days, have kicked into action when external power has failed 鈥� but experts say their repeated use over a short period of time increases the risk of a disaster.
鈥淭here are several redundancies and the facilities are now repeatedly on the last one,鈥� said Mareike Rueffer, head of the nuclear safety department at Germany鈥檚 Office for the Safety of Nuclear Waste Management.
鈥淗aving to repeatedly fall back on diesel generators also limits the room for maneuver,鈥� she added. 鈥淚n that moment there鈥檚 no further backup and this is a high-risk technology.鈥�
The diesel generators kicked in immediately Wednesday when electricity from the missile-damaged substation was cut. External power from the transmission line was restored hours later.
ONGOING RISK
Shutting down the plant鈥檚 last reactor several weeks ago significantly reduced the risk of a radiation disaster by gradually increasing the time it would take for a meltdown to occur. But if cooling fails due to a complete loss of power, meltdowns would still happen eventually, said Rueffer.
Dorfman said that in the worst case, Ukraine could see a situation similar to what happened in Fukushima.
鈥淵ou鈥檇 see a heating of the high level spent fuel ponds. You鈥檇 see a hydrogen explosion, as we saw in Fukushima,鈥� he told The Associated Press. "And then you鈥檇 see a significant radiation release.鈥�
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Associated Press writer David Keyton contributed from Stockholm.
Frank Jordans, The Associated Press
